Methods for Alleviating Agitation in Alzheimer’s Patients

Alzheimer’s and Agitation

Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating illness that slowly robs its sufferers of their ability to function in the everyday world. Caregivers for Alzheimer’s patients must deal with not only the cognitive decline of their loved ones but also the behavioral and psychiatric problems that arise as a result of the disease, such as agitation, aggression and psychosis. It is important to remember, however, that while Alzheimer’s and Agitation are often linked, disturbing behavioral symptoms can often be alleviated without medication or institutionalization.

First, caregivers should determine whether or not patients have an underlying health problem, such as a urinary tract infection or skin irritation. Expressions of agitation, such as pacing, fidgeting, or acting aggressive, can be nonverbal clues that an Alzheimer’s patient is feeling pain, so a physician should always be consulted to determine if the behavior is a physical manifestation of illness. Dangerous drug interactions are also common in patients with Alzheimer’s, and Agitation can be one symptom of medication problems. A physician should always be consulted if difficulties with medications are suspected.

Sometimes, however, physicians and caregivers determine that there is no physical reason for agitation in a patient with Alzheimer’s. In those cases, the link between Alzheimer’s and Agitation may be environmental, and a number of therapies and techniques can be implemented to correct the behavior. Changes in environment are one cause of agitation in Alzheimer’s patients. A new primary caregiver, visitors from out of town, or a change of residence can frighten or disorient an Alzheimer’s patient. Encouraging a patient to rest between triggers, eliminating certain triggers, such as a poorly lit hallway, and maintaining a simple, daily routine are ways of easing environmental stress. When a patient is agitated, caregivers can also use simple conflict resolution tools to keep the incident from escalating. Reassurance, statements of understanding, and a calm demeanor are all necessary for dealing with agitation. If caregivers themselves become agitated or aggressive, the conflict could easily escalate. In all cases, it is best if the environment is prepped for safety, including the removal of weapons and the installation of safety locks on doors and windows.

Other methods of environmental intervention focus on the strengths and abilities of the Alzheimer’s patient while avoiding increasing their frustration and agitation. Music therapy involves the incorporation of pleasing music or sounds into the patient’s daily routine. Personal attention by caregivers and physical contact, such as massages or hugs, also ease loneliness and its associated problem behaviors. Exercise is not only beneficial to health but also good for controlling problems in patients with Alzheimer’s, and Agitation can be eased by the both physically and mentally therapeutic act of working in a secure garden. Even sitting in a garden provides a pleasant sensory experience that helps patients feel connected, while allowing them to be outdoors in the fresh air with sunlight. Pet therapy with therapy dogs can also be beneficial for patients living at home or in a nursing home. Pets offer physical affection, distraction from unpleasant emotions, and a means of connecting with caregivers. In the end, a variety of options exist for easing agitation in Alzheimer’s patients without medication or institutionalization.